Wrench



f- G. ALLMON.

WRENCH.

Patented July 12, 1921,

s'rArr-:s

PATE'" @Flill assises.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July i2, aaai.

Application led August 10, 1920. Serial No. 462,'5S.

To all 'whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnrrr G. ALLMoN, a citizen of the United States,residing at West Medford, in the county of Middlesex and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful improvements inWrenches; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to wrenches of the inclosed, rigid jaw type.

lt is my object to produce a special wrench designed to lit any one sizeof nut or cap screw; to producea wrench adapted to work in places Wherethe space is limited and to operate on nuts or cap screws countersunk ina surface which is somewhat inclined with respect to the axis of thestud or cap screw to be tightened or loosened by the wrench.

llt comprises details of construction particularly set forth in thefollowing description, illustrated in the accompanying drawings anddefined in the appended claims.

in the drawings:

Figure lis a plan view of the improved wrench viewed from the underside, or that side which engages over the cap screw or nut:

Fig. 2 is a view partly in side elevation, and in section along the axisof the wrench showing the wrench engaged with a nut;

Fig. 3 is a section through the head of the wrench longitudinal of theaxis. l

lt is well understood that a special rigid jaw wrench designed to fit aparticular size and shape of nut, bolt, .cap screw, or other threadedmember, is more satisfactory in use than an adjustable j awed wrench,because,'in general, the former secures a better hold on the nut, boltor other body to be screwed up or unscrewed than the adjustable wrench,and does not mutilate the nut or bolt head. Rigid jaw wrenches are also,in general, better adapted to work in close quarters.

The wrench herein described and illustrated in the drawings, isparticularly designed for operating on nuts, bolts or cap screws whichare countersunk in a surface somewhat inclined to the axis of the studor bolt. The nuts, bolts, or cap screws upon which it is designed tooperate with the wrench are screwed up very tight and require greatforce to loosen them or set them up. t is therefore desirable to useupon them a wrench which makessnug engagement with every available partof the sur face to which force can be applied for turning them. Theimproved wrench is intended for use on nuts or bolts secured to a ilangeor plate 1, as illustrated in Fig. 2, which has an upper surface 2 thatis slightly inclined to the under surface 3. Such a liange or plate isdesigned to be bolted rmly down upon a surface parallel with the surface3. lt is desirable that the stud e, (or bolt, it may be) pass through anopening 5 in said flange or plate, the axis of which is perpendicular tothe surface 3. II" the nut were screwed upon the threaded end 6 onto theinclined surface 2, it is obvious that the nut and stud or bolt would bedistorted. lt is customary, therefore, in suchjconstructions tocountersink the flange or base l, as at 8, so that the lower surface ofthe nut 6 may be forced down upon the bottom of the countersink, whichis parallel with the under surface 3 of the plate and with the underside of the nut. The ordinary wrench. rigid jawed or otherwise, commonlyhas the nut or bolt head engaging surfaces lof its jaws perpendicular tothe under side of the jaws, itbeing expected that the under side of thejaws will lie flat upon the work or base, so asl to get -as large anengaging surface as possible on the nut or bolt head in screwing orunscrewing a nut or bolt. Such a wrench applied to the nuttin theposition shown in Fig. 2 in the drawing would be awkward andineliicient, since, if theunder surface of the jaws were rested upon theinclined surface 2, either a distorted engagement would be had with thenut, or, if an accurate engagement should be had by bringing the jawsinto parallel engagement with the sides of the nut, only a limitedportion of the available surface of the nut would be gripped by thewrench.v One ofthe features of my invention lies in the angularrelationship between the under surface 9 of the jaws or wrench head andthe axis of the wrench.v

By axis of the wrench is meant the axis about which it rotates inoperation. Another feature is the relation .between said under surface 9and the handle l0. By reason of these features of construction, when thehandle is held in the normal and most elfe'ctive position, the undersurface of the jaws Will rest upon the inclined surface and the jawsurfaces 1l will engage all of the available exposed surface ofthe nutor bolt head, so as to get the greatest eiciency in turning the nut on01. olf the stud, or in screwing the bolt. The sides 11 of the socket,or the nut engaging surfaces or jaws, are not, in this wrench,perpendicular to the lower side 9 of the jaws (or undersurface of thehead) that is designed to rest upon the plate or flange against whichthe nut or bolt head is to be screwed, as is usual with wrenches, butare, on the contrary, perpen dicular to the general surface at the upperside of the socket or substantially perpendicular to the axis of thehandle, and the said under surface is at such an angle that when restingiiat upon the flange or plate through which the stud passes, inthe/position in which the wrench is to be operated, that the sides willat that time be parallel with the axis of the stud or bolt.

In the'embodiment shown, a perforated stop surface 12 partially closesone end 'of' the socket and is adapted to rest upon the top of the nutor cap screw, so that when the socket, the sides of which constitute thewrench jaws, is applied over the nut, the wrench will lit over it farenough so that all the elective surfaces of the nut or screw4 head willbe en aged by the wrench jaws, and no more.. e stop surface or web l2 iscentrally perforated at 13 so as to permit passage of a stud 7therethrough in case the latter should projectabove the nut. By thisconstruction the wrench head or socket may be dropped over a nut on astud to exactly the rightV distance without the necessity of particularcare on the part of the operator and any projecting portion of the studwill i'icient angle, when operatingas intended, in

- a section the plane of which is perpendicular to the stud or bolt 4,overlying the thinnest portion ofthe flange or plate 1. .The dimensionsand design of the wrench are such that the work can' be gotten at andthe wrench operated in limited spaces. The most efective grip possibleis obtained upon the nuts or bolts and no eiort is required on the partof the mechanic and no particular care to lace the wrench precisely.

aving described my invention in such manner as to enable those skilledin the art to make and use the same, what I claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. in a wrench, nut or bolt engaging jaws having engaging surfacesparallel with the axis of the wrench, and an under face oblique to saidaxis.

2. A rigid jaw wrench having nut or bolt engaging jaws in which the nutor bolt engaging surfaces are parallel with the axis of the wrench, theunder surface of the jaws being oblique to said axis.

3. An inclosed, rigid jaw wrench having nut or bolt engaging facesarallei with the wrench axis, the under sur aces of the jaws beingoblique to said axis.

4. A rigid jaw wrench having nut and bolt engaging surfaces parallelwith the axis of the wrench and a handle extending substantiallyperpendicular to said axis, the

under. surface of the jaws being oblique to Y the axis of the wrench.

5. A rigid jaw wrench having nut or bolt engaging surfaces parallel withthe axis of the wrench, a handle extending substantially perpendicularto said axis, the under surface of the jaws being oblique to said axisand to said handle.:

6. An inclosed, rigid jaw wrench having nut or bolt engaging surfacesparallel with the axis of the wrench, the jaw portion having an undersurface oblique to said axis and a stop iange adapted to rest upon a nutor bolt head to limit theposition of the wrench with respect. tol saidnut or bolt head.v Y 7. An inclosed, rigid jawwrench, having nutengaging surfaces parallel with the axis of the wrench, the jaw portionhaving an under surface oblique to said axis, a perforated stop webadapted to permit the passageof a stud and to rest upon the top of anut, thereby limiting the descent of the wrench over .said nut, and ahandle extending laterally withrespect to the axis of the wrench.

8. An inclosed, rigid jaw wrench, having nut vengaging surfaces parallelwith the axis of the wrench, an under face oblique to said axis, aperforated stop web opposite said under face, and a handle extendingsubstantially at right angles to the axis.

In testimony whereof I aflix m si'nature.

JOSEPH e. LiioN.

